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Single-wire earth return : ウィキペディア英語版
Single-wire earth return

Single wire earth return (SWER) or single wire ground return is a single-wire transmission line which supplies single-phase electrical power from an electrical grid to remote areas at low cost. Its distinguishing feature is that the earth (or sometimes a body of water) is used as the return path for the current, to avoid the need for a second wire (or ''neutral wire'') to act as a return path.
Single-wire earth return is principally used for rural electrification, but also finds use for larger isolated loads such as water pumps. It is also used for high-voltage DC over submarine power cables. Electric single-phase railway traction, such as light rail uses a very similar system. It uses resistors to earth to reduce hazards from rail voltages, but the primary return currents are through the rails.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.railway-technical.com/etracp.shtml )
==History==
Lloyd Mandeno, OBE (1888–1973) fully developed SWER in New Zealand around 1925 for rural electrification. Although he termed it "Earth Working Single Wire Line" it was often called "Mandeno’s Clothesline".〔http://www.teara.govt.nz/en/biographies/5m31/1 ''Mandeno, Lloyd'', retrieved 10 August 2011〕 More than 200,000 kilometres have now been installed in Australia and New Zealand. It is considered safe, reliable and low cost, provided that safety features and earthing are correctly installed. The Australian standards are widely used and cited. It has been applied in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan, Brazil, Africa, portions of the United States' Upper Midwest, and Alaska (Bethel).

抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)
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